Simulation von Schemaänderungen in objektorientierten Datenbanksystemen mit Hilfe von Sichten
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Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Die Art der relationalen Datenmodellierung, die den gro en Erfolg des Relationmodells in betriebswirtschaftlichen Anwendungsfällen begründeten, verhinderte bis dato den erfolgreichen Einsatz von relationalen Datenbanksystemen in den sogenannten Nicht-Standard-Anwendungen wie z.B. Computer-Aided-Design und -Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), Computer-Aided-Software-Engineering (CASE) oder den Office-Information-Systems (OIS) mit den Bereichen der Bürokommunikation und Dokumentenverwaltung. Diesen Bereichen liegen oft sehr komplexe Strukturen und Vorgänge zu Grunde, die durch das Relationenmodell nicht mehr adäquat und effizient abgebildet werden können. Es lag nahe, die bereits bei der Softwareentwicklung und Anwendungsmodellierung erfolgreich eingesetzten objektorientierten Konzepte auf den Datenbankbereich zu übertragen. So enstanden mit der Zeit objektorientierte Datenbankmodelle als konsequente Weiterentwicklung semantischer und geschachtelt relationaler Modelle. Schema Change Management Den typischen Anwendungen für objektorientierte Datenbanken liegen häufig sehr komplexe Datenmodelle zugrunde. Diese können in der Regel nicht von Anfang an korrekt in ein Datenbankschema abgebildet werden, so da eine nachträgliche Schemaänderung unumgänglich werden kann (Schemaevolution). Aber auch sich ändernde Voraussetzungen in der Umwelt erfordern oft eine Anpassung eines Datenbankschemas. Schemaänderungen in einem Datenbanksystem sollten unter Berücksichtigung bereits existierender Daten sowie Applikationen und Sichten ausgeführt werden. Desweiteren gilt zu berücksichtigen, ob und welche Ausfallzeiten eine Schemaänderung in einem Teil oder dem kompletten Datenbanksystem hervorruft. Oft ist es nicht möglich, ein Datenbanksystem für einen gewissen Zeitraum zu deaktivieren, um Wartungsarbeiten oder Umstrukturierungen durchzuführen. Hier müssen Methoden gefunden werden, das Datenbankschema dynamisch zu manipulieren ohne den laufenden Betrieb zu beeinfluss
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