Syntaktische Relationen: Subjekt und Topik in einer notionalen Grammatik
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Das vorliegende Buch stellt die Geltung der gängigen syntaktischen Relationen für die deutsche Grammatik grundsätzlich infrage. Die im Text postulierte Redundanz des Subjektbegriffes beansprucht dabei ihre Gültigkeit nicht nur im Hinblick auf funktionalistische Syntaxtheorien, sondern auch für die Schulgrammatik: Die (semanto-)syntaktische Relation "Subjekt" existiert in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache nicht. Das obligatorische satzinitiale Element des Deutschen als V2-Sprache ist notional ein zu Syntax geronnenes Topik. Es handelt sich um eine eigenständige syntaktische Relation, die semantische Rollenhierarchien vollständig neutralisiert. Deutsch verfügt somit über eine pragmatisch getriebene Syntax, in der die "herkömmlichen" syntaktischen Relationen entweder morphologisiert oder redundant sind. Auf der Grundlage einer notional basierten Dependenzsyntax, der Notionalgrammatik von John M. Anderson, überprüft der Autor seine Thesen anhand zahlreicher gängiger Konstruktionstypen. Dependenzsyntaktische Darstellungen veranschaulichen die syntaktische Struktur solcher Konstruktionen. Die Anwendung der Kategorie Subjekt in historischer Perspektive, sowie in verschiedenen gängigen Syntaxtheorien wird vom Autor kritisch reflektiert, um die Vorteile einer Notionalgrammatik aufzuzeigen. Die Rolle des Topiks in der Informationsstruktur wird analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass ursprünglich optionales Topik in der deutschen Vorfeldposition zu einer pragmatisch motivierten syntaktischen Relation geronnen ist.
Dieter Stubbemann, geboren 1970 in Delmenhorst. Er studierte Linguistik, Philosophie, Soziologie und Polonistik in Bremen und Gdansk. Im Studium beschäftigte er sich vor allem mit Grammatiktheorien, germanistischer Linguistik und slawischen Sprachen. Sein Spezialgebiet sind funktionalistische Syntaxtheorien. Seinen grammatischen Analysen liegt die von John M. Anderson entwickelte Notional Grammar zugrunde.
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