///***The book was thoroughly revised on April 20, 2020 to resolve any grammatical errors throughout the book and to improve the content and graphic materials.***/// Everyone has an assumption about what cloud computing is. Cloud computing is a modern area emerging from distributed computing that offers many powerful benefits to different organizations. It has the ability to rent one server or thousands of servers through information technology (IT) services worldwide. The capabilities of cloud computing are gained by running a geophysical modeling application on the most powerful systems. Organizations can improve their efficiency to respond quickly and reliably to the needs of their customers. It is done through a contract for various cloud services, such as applications, software, data storage, and processing capabilities. There are some risks to cloud-based servers, such as maintaining the security of systems, asserting the privacy of information, and ensuring the rational spending of IT resources. In 2004, cloud computing progressed to public awareness. Essentially, several companies like Amazon, Google and Facebook use cloud technology as a model to run their own infrastructures. This means that dedicated services are always active, they are updated in the running systems, and the scale adapts considerably to the demand. Cloud computing involves a range of underlying technologies and configuration options rather than as a single system. Organizations must consider the strengths and weaknesses of cloud technology, service models, and implementation methods through service assessment to meet their requirements.A cloud system can store and secure extremely large amounts of data that can only be accessed by authorized users and applications. It is endorsed and sponsored by a cloud service provider that installs a powerful platform on cloud systems. The platform involves some of the required skills, such as the operating system, Apache, a MySQL, Perl, Python and PHP database with an ability to automatically scale in response to changes in different workloads. Cloud computing can use some applications like sales automation, email, and Internet forum management. The Internet can protect data while providing consumer service, as well as it can use cloud storage to store an application, personal and business data. A cloud system with the help of the Internet can use a small number of web services to integrate maps, photos and GPS information.This book discusses the main concepts of cloud computing. It is an appropriate tutorial for ordinary people and professionals to acquire required information about cloud technology. Chapter 1 introduces the general and fundamental characteristic of cloud systems, such as web services, grid computing and hardware virtualization. In Chapter 2, cloud computing architectures, including deployment models and defined service models for cloud-based servers, are carefully described. Chapter 3 explains various applications of cloud computing in different domains, such as file storage, cloud database, and email. In Chapter 4, some popular consumer apps designed by cloud-based systems like Evernote, iCloud, and Spotify are fully represented. Chapter 5 covers the different uses of cloud servers, such as cloud monitoring, healthcare, and banking. Chapter 6 carefully discusses cloud computing security issues, such as privacy, reliability, and compliance. Chapter 7 points out the famous simulation tools designed for cloud-based issues like CloudSim, Xen hypervisor and UEC. Finally, Chapter 8 introduces some popular companies established for cloud-based uses like CloudLock, CloudMunch, and CloudPhysics.
Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh received A.Sc. degree in Computer Software in 2004 and received B.Sc. degree in Software Engineering of Computer in 2008. Afterwards, he received M.Sc. degree in Architectural Engineering of Computer in 2012. He has worked on a big number of software projects, network setup, and computer hardware over 10 years. Design of electromechanical machines using intelligent methods and humanistic reasoning is one of his dominant interests. Design of computer hardware using new technologies such as nanotechnology and reversible gates is his technical interest. His research areas include wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ad hoc networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), fuzzy logic, reversible circuit design, quantum computing, Cloud computing, Grid computing, computer architecture, and very large scale integration (VLSI). He is an editorial board member and a reviewer in some of the international scientific journals and is a lecturer of university now.
