Theorie der komperativen Kostenvorteile - Kritische Würdigung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich VWL - Au enhandelstheorie, Au enhandelspolitik, Note: 1,7, Freie Universität Berlin (Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaftsgeschichte), Veranstaltung: Markt uns Staat, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung der vorliegenden Arbeit steht der Ansatz des komparativen Kostenvorteils sowie seine Auswirkungen auf die Freihandelsbewegung. Dieser Ansatz geht auf den Vertreter der klassischen Lehre, David Ricardo (1772 - 1823), zurück. In seinem Werk "The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" von 1817 setzt sich Ricardo mit grundlegenden und abgrenzenden Prinzipien des Austauschs im Au enhandel auseinander. Insbesondere im 7.Kapitel "Über den auswärtigen Handel" seines Werkes geht er der Frage nach, unter welchen Bedingungen sich der Au enhandel positiv auf den Wohlstand eines Landes auswirkt, bzw. unter welchen Gesetzmä igkeiten eine Gleichverteilung des Wohlstandes stattfindet. Die Vorteilhaftigkeit des Au enhandels stellt er als Ergebnis der Nutzung der "komparativen Kostenvorteile" dar. Dabei zeigte Ricardo auf, dass die durch den komparativen Kostenvorteil hervorgerufene Spezialisierung ökonomische Vorteile mit sich bringt, die Konsummöglichkeiten erweitert werden, die Lebenskosten gesenkt, und auf diese Weise dem tendenziellen Fall der Profitrate entgegengewirkt werden kann (Niehans 1995, S.28). Indem Ricardo die positive Seite des Au enhandels aufzeigt, und für den Freihandel zwischen den Ländern plädiert, wendet er sich gegen den damals dominierenden merkantilistischen Handelsprotektionismus. Aus diesem Grund wurde Ricardos Ansatz als revolutionär betrachtet, und seine Würdigung geht bis in die heutige Zeit hinein. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der Au enhandelsansatz von Ricardo untersucht sowie kritisch analysiert werden. Am Anfang der Analyse seiner Au enhandelstheorie soll daher der komparative Kostenvorteil von der theoretischen und praktischen Seite vorgestellt werden.
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