Theorievergleich: Parsons - Rational Choice
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Klassiker und Theorierichtungen, Note: 1,0, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Fast alle soziologischen Theorien - ganz gleich, ob Handlungs- oder Systemtheorien - beschäftigen sich mit den Aktivitäten zwischen den Akteuren Ego und Alter ggf. auch Tertius. Dabei ist das Verhältnis von Ego und Alter durch aufeinander abgestimmte Erwartungserwartungen gekennzeichnet. Das hei t, die Aktivitäten der Akteure werden dadurch charakterisiert, dass sie hochkomplexe Formen wechselseitig voneinander abhängigen Verhaltens aufweisen. Daher können Phänomene wie bspw. die soziale Ordnung, Werte oder Normen nicht verstanden werden, wenn nur das Handeln einzelner Akteure berücksichtigt wird (vgl. Lindemann 2005: 51). Sie müssen als neue Struktur verstanden werden, die sich gegenüber den Aktivitäten der Einzelnen verselbständigt - als emergente Phänomene. Dieser gesamte Sachverhalt wird als Emergenzkonstellation bezeichnet (vgl. ebd.). Da die Emergenzkonstellation allen soziologischen Theorien als theoretischer Konsens zugrunde liegt, plädiert Lindemann (2005: 49) dafür sowohl Handlungs- als auch Systemtheorien anhand dieses abstrakten Vergleichsma stabes einander gegenüberzustellen. Wenn das Konzept der Emergenzkonstellation als Ausgangspunkt für den Vergleich von soziologischen Theorien gewählt wird, stellen sich vorrangig folgende Fragen: 1. Wie wird die Konstellation zwischen den Akteuren (Ego, Alter und ggf. Tertius) konzipiert? 2. Wie stellt sich das Verhältnis von Akteurs-Aktivitäten bzw. Erwartungserwartungen und der emergenten Ordnung dar? In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll anhand der Emergenzkonstellation ein Vergleich der Theorie von Talcott Parsons mit dem Rational-Choice-Ansatz erfolgen. Es soll u.a. gezeigt werden, dass die beiden verschiedenen Theorien nicht unbedingt gegensätzliche Paradigmen darstellen, sondern dass sie sich eher als systematische Variationen und Spezifikation
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