Ursprung der Gatekeeper Forschung. Anfänge durch den individuellen und institutionellen Ansatz.
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Medien / Kommunikation - Sonstiges, Note: 1,7, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg (Kommunikationswissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Massenmedien üben heutzutage viel Wirkung auf Gesellschaft und Politik aus Journalisten haben daher als zentrale Akteure der Printmedien eine sehr einflussreiche Position. Ihre Aufgabe besteht darin, die Inhalte der Berichterstattung auszuwählen und zu interpretieren. Aus diesem Grund konzentriert sich die Journalismusforschung, ein Teilgebiet der Kommunikatorforschung, besonders auf die Nachrichtenauswahl einzelner Journalisten, um wissenschaftlich und empirisch zu untersuchen wodurch die Entstehung publizistischer Aussagen beeinflusst wird. Ein grundlegender Entwurf dieser Wissenschaft ist das sog. "Gatekeeper"-Konzept. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf Ursprung und Entstehung dieser Forschungsrichtung und befasst sich besonders mit ihren ersten, grundlegenden Annahmen. Der englische Begriff "Gatekeeper" ist ursprünglich auf den Psychologen Kurt Lewin zurückzuführen und bedeutet soviel wie "Schleusenwärter". David Manning White nutzte jenen Ansatz kurze Zeit später für erste kommunikationswissenschaftliche Gatekeeper-Forschungen in Amerika. Um den Prozess der journalistischen Nachrichtenauswahl zu erklären, übernahm der Amerikaner daher die Annahme, auch der Kommunikationsprozess lie e sich in mehrere Stufen unterteilen und würde auf jeder Stufe durch bestimmte Personen geregelt, die entscheiden welche Informationen sie weiterleiteten. Er verstand Journalisten aufgrund ihrer Selektionsfunktion dahingehend als hauptverantwortlich für die Nachrichtengebung der Massenmedien und versucht die Ursachen ihres Handelns mittels empirischer Herangehensweise aufzudecken. Walter Gieber, ein weiterer Vertreter der Gatekeeper Theorien stellt deren anfängliches Forschungsinteresse mit folgendem Zitat treffend dar: "The job of the telepraph editor must be studied in order to determine why so
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