Verschiedene Aspekte der Sprachlerneignung
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachforschung (fachübergreifend), Note: 1,3, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Vergleicht man Fremdsprachenlerner miteinander, so wird man bald feststellen, dass einige schnellere Fortschritte machen als andere. Wiederum wird man feststellen, dass einige eine sehr hohe Kompetenz erreichen während andere auf einem bestimmten Niveau "stecken zu bleiben" scheinen. Doch wie kann man diese Unterschiede erklären? Motivation wird da oft genannt und Anstrengung, die ein Lerner investiert. Intelligenz könnte auch ein Faktor sein und sicher haben einige Lerner auch so etwas wie eine "besondere Begabung" für Fremdsprachen. Das folgende Modell soll vereinfacht die verschiedenen Faktoren zeigen, die auf den Lernerfolg Einfluss nehmen und sich auch gegenseitig beeinflussen können (vgl. Sawyer/Ranta 2001, S.320; Sparks/Ganschow 2001, S.92-96). Diese Faktoren lassen sich verschiedenen Bereichen zuordnen. So gehören Motivation, Anstrengung, Einstellungen und Lernstrategien zu den konativen Faktoren, Persönlichkeit zu den affektiven, Intelligenz und Lerneignung zu den kognitiven Faktoren und Alter ist schlie lich ein biologischer Faktor. Es gibt also eine Reihe an Variablen, von denen das Lernergebnis abhängig ist. Diese Faktoren werden auch Individuelle Unterschiede (individual differences, IDs ) genannt. Die Sprachlerneignung (engl. Foreign Language Learning Aptitude) ist jedoch "the best of the available predictors of language learning success" (Sparks/Ganschow 2001, S.96). Glaubt man dieser Annahme, die durch viele verschiedene Studien unterstützt wird, verwundert es, dass Faktoren wie Motivation und Persönlichkeit scheinbar sehr viel Aufmerksamkeit in der einschlägigen Literatur bekommen haben, die Lerneignung jedoch oft unberücksichtigt bleibt. So kön-nen Persönlichkeitstests z.B. nicht mehr als 15 % der Varianz in akademischer Leistung erklären (Dörnyei 2005, S.21), Lerneignungstests jedo
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