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W-Bewegung - Optimalitätstheorie und Minimalistisches Programm by Knochenwefel, Dana

W-Bewegung - Optimalitätstheorie und Minimalistisches Programm

by Dana Knochenwefel
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Book cover type: Paperback
  • ISBN13: 9783640318322
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Subject: N/A
  • Publisher: Grin Verlag
  • Publisher Imprint: Grin Verlag
  • Publication Date:
  • Pages: 20
  • Original Price: USD 22.5
  • Language: German
  • Edition: N/A
  • Item Weight: 41 grams
  • BISAC Subject(s): General

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Linguistik, Note: 1,7, Universität zu Köln, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Optimalitätstheorie (OT) ist ein Anfang der neunziger Jahre von Alan Prince, Paul Smolensky, John McCarthy und anderen ursprünglich für die Phonologie entwickeltes Modell. Es beschreibt, wie Entscheidungsprozesse in Systemen ablaufen, die miteinander unvereinbare, aber nach Wichtigkeit geordnete Anforderungen enthalten (vgl. Müller 2000). Die OT steht in enger Verbindung zur Generativen Grammatik Chomskys und teilt mit ihr das Bemühen, Prinzipien der Universalgrammatik aufzudecken und die Ergebnisse mit einem hohen Ma an formaler Präzision zu erfassen (Kager 1999). 1997 übertrugen Jane Grimshaw und Paul Pesetsky dieses System erstmals auf die Syntax. Die OT - Syntax zeigt allgemeine Regularitäten in der Sprache auf, die jedoch keine absoluten Gesetze, sondern lediglich Tendenzen darstellen. Die Formulierung von solchen Tendenzregeln geschieht in der OT in Form von allgemeinen Aussagen oder Forderungen, die constraints oder Beschränkungen genannt werden. Sie sind für alle Sprachen dieselben (= Universalität) und sind verletzbar, worin der Hauptunterschied zu den Ansätzen Chomskys zu sehen ist. Die Beschränkungen stehen in einem Hierarchieverhältnis, das einzelsprachlich organisiert ist, und werden jeweils unterschiedlich gewichtet (= Ranking). Was grammatisch ist oder nicht, wird aus der Menge aller möglichen Kandidaten (= Kandidatenmenge), die der Generator auf Basis eines Inputs erzeugt, durch die Hierarchie der Beschränkungen determiniert. Derjenige Kandidat, der im Vergleich zu den anderen die relativ gesehen wenigsten Verletzungen in Bezug auf die dominanteste (am höchsten gerankte) Beschränkung zeigt, ist der einzig grammatische und gewinnt als optimaler Kandidat den Wettbewerb (vgl. Businger 2007).

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