Wissenschaftliche Methodologie: Popper, Lakatos und Feyerabend
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: 1,3, Universität Rostock (Institut für Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Theoretische Philosophie - Wissenschaftstheorie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Wissenschaften genie en ein hohes Ansehen. Wenn etwas wissenschaftlich erwiesen oder empirisch belegt ist, beansprucht es für sich, wahr und glaubwürdig zu sein. Wenn wir etwas für wissenschaftlich halten, gehen wir davon aus, dass bei dem Forschungsprozess bestimmte Regeln eingehalten werden. Doch was ist diese wissenschaftliche Methode, die für sich beansprucht, wahre Tatsachen produzieren zu können? Generationen von Wissenschaftstheoretikern haben sich mit dieser Frage auseinandergesetzt: Für die Rechtfertigungsdenker bestand die wissenschaftliche Redlichkeit darin, Bewiesenes anzunehmen und Unbewiesenes zu verwerfen. Was so simpel und einleuchtend klingt, ist problematisch. Daraufhin ist von den Neorechtfertigungsdenkern dazu übergegangen worden, nicht mehr das Bewiesene, sondern das Wahrscheinliche anzunehmen. Karl Raimund Popper hingegen machte zu seinem Ma stab wissenschaftlicher Redlichkeit, dass vor einem Experiment festgelegt werden muss, welche Ereignisse die angenommene Theorie falsifizieren. Imre Lakatos baute die Forderung, Falsifizierbares zu überprüfen und Unfalsifizierbares und Falsifiziertes zu verwerfen aus. Paul Karl Feyerabend hingegen hat einen ganz anderen Ansatz und bezweifelt, dass die Wissenschaft sich überhaupt gegenüber Magie, Voodoo oder anderen Wegen der Erkenntnis auszeichnet. Er sieht die Wissenschaft als moderne Religion an und die Wissenschaftsgläubigkeit als irrational. Im Folgenden wird zuerst Poppers Methodologie beschrieben. Angefangen mit dem Induktionsproblem, darauf aufbauend wird das Abgrenzungsproblem und damit zusammenhängend Poppers Auffassung der wissenschaftlichen Redlichkeit zu erläutern sein. Im abschlie enden Abschnitt geht es um das Münchhausen Tr
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