Zum Einfluss von Netzspinnen auf herbivore Insekten - die Wespenspinne "Argiope bruennichi" als Schlüsselart im Grasland
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Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Biologie - Ökologie, Note: 1,0, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie Abteilung Ökologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In terrestrischen Ökosystemen haben Spinnen als generalistische Prädatoren eine gro e Bedeutung für die Regulation und die räumliche Verteilung von Insektenpopulationen. In Freilandexperimenten in zwei verschieden strukturierten Graslandhabitaten wurden die Interaktionen zwischen Netzspinnen (insbesondere von Argiope bruennichi) und herbivoren Insekten (vornehmlich von Zikaden) untersucht. Um aufzuklären, welche direkten (durch Fra ) und indirekten (verhaltensbedingten) Einflüsse Prädatoren auf Herbivore ausüben, wurden die Dichten der Netzspinnen in Ausschlussversuchen mit zweifaktoriellem Design in geschlossenen und offenen Versuchsparzellen manipuliert. Mittels Saugfängen wurden an zwei Probenahmeterminen auf einer heterogeneren Glatthaferwiese und einem homogeneren Rohrglanzgras-Röhricht die Dichten aller Makroarthropoden ermittelt. Die Dichten der Netzspinnen und besonders die von A. bruennichi konnten in beiden Habitaten erfolgreich manipuliert werden. Auf der Glatthaferwiese konnten keine signifikanten Netzspinneneffekte auf Zikaden festgestellt werden. Nur im Rohrglanzgras-Röhricht wurde die Dichte von E. metrius durch direkten Fra der Netzspinnen, vermutlich besonders durch A. bruennichi signifikant reduziert. Im Gartetal gab es neben direkten Prädationseffekten auch Hinweise auf verhaltensinduzierte Fluchtreaktionen der Zikadenarten D. venosus und E. metrius in den offenen Varianten. Auf die übrigen erfassten Insektengruppen hatten die netzbauenden Spinnen keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Die Dichten der vaganten Spinnen waren in den offenen Varianten signifikant höher als in den umzäunten Parzellen. In den offenen Parzellen war hingegen die Netzspinnendichte niedriger als in den umzäunten Varianten, dies kann eine Folge von "in
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