Zur Syntax von Topik- und Fokus-Konstruktionen
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Semiotik, Pragmatik, Semantik, Note: 1,7, Universität Konstanz, Veranstaltung: Pragmatik II: Topik und Fokus, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Topik und Fokus sind beides elementare Teile in einem Satz und können je nachdem Sinn und Bedeutung eines Satzes verändern. Gleichzeitig unterliegen sie bestimmten Positionsbeschränkungen, welche von der Syntax bestimmt werden. Wie werden aber Topik und Fokus syntaktisch überhaupt dargestellt? Welche Positionen können sie (nicht nur in der linken Peripherie) annehmen und welchen Beschränkungen unterliegen sie? Haben sie Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede? Diese und weitere Fragen und Themen werde ich im Folgenden in Verbindung mit den Untersuchungen nach Luigi Rizzi (1997), Günther Grewendorf (2002) und Gerda Ha ler (2005) zu beantworten versuchen. Nach Rizzi besteht die strukturelle Repräsentation eines Satzes aus drei Arten von Ebenen: Eine davon ist zum einen die lexikalische Ebene, die von einem Verb angeführt wird und der Ort der Theta-Rollen-Zuweisung ist. Des Weiteren gibt es die Flektions-Ebene, die von funktionalen Köpfen angeführt wird und verantwortlich für die Argumente wie Kasus und Kongruenz ist. Die dritte Ebene beschreibt Rizzi als Komplementierer-Ebene. Diese wird angeführt von freien funktionalen Morphemen. Darin können Topik, Fokus oder aber auch Operatoren wie Interrogativ-, oder Relativpronomen stehen. Alle drei Ebenen bestehen aus ihrer X-bar Projektion. Rizzi bezieht sich auf Kayne, der sagt, dass es aufgrund mehrfacher Argumente der Verben auch vielschichtige VP-Ebenen geben muss. Rizzi überträgt diese Annahme auf die Komplementierer-Ebene, also das C-System, um zu begründen, wie die verschiedenen Arten von Phrasen in der linken Peripherie überhaupt beherbergt werden können. In seiner Analyse der Feinstruktur der linken Peripherie spricht Rizzi von einer X-bar theoretischen Erweiterung des Vorfeldes. Demnach besteht das C-System aus mindestens vi
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